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Known as the "Pearl of the Middle Ages"

Toruń–One of Poland’s Most Beautiful Cities

Thorn Pollen
The Polish city of Toruń is considered one of the most beautiful in our neighboring country. Photo: Getty Images/ewg3D

June 9, 2025, 3:28 pm | Read time: 4 minutes

In this country, Thorn is known to only a few, yet it ranks among Poland’s most beautiful cities alongside Krakow, Chelmno, and Gdansk. With its completely preserved and meticulously restored old town, Thorn—located about 105 miles from Gdansk—is rightly called a gem of the Middle Ages. TRAVELBOOK offers the best tips.

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Due to its centuries-old, unchanged city ensemble, UNESCO added the Old Town of Toruń to the World Heritage List. The city on the Vistula, known as Toruń in Polish, owes its founding to the Teutonic Order, which built a massive castle complex here in the 13th century. Remnants of this can still be visited today.

Sights in Toruń

Castle Ruins

As a Hanseatic city strategically located on the Vistula, it thrived economically in the Middle Ages. From here, the Vistula was navigable to the Baltic Sea with ocean-going ships. Today, over 330 monuments, including numerous patrician houses, proud churches, and fortified city gates, testify to its wealth.

Construction of the castle complex on a hill by the Vistula began in 1233. On February 4, 1454, Toruń citizens besieged the castle. It was captured after just four days and then destroyed by order of the city council. Only parts of the moat and fragments of the castle building remain today. The Dansker, the former latrine tower, is the only part in good condition.

Castle ruins of Toruń
View of the remains of the castle complex in Toruń

Magnificent Town Hall

A walk on the Old Market, located directly by the Old Town Hall, is also worthwhile. The town hall combines elements of Gothic and Late Renaissance architecture. The oldest part of the town hall is the massive square tower from 1279. In 1703, Swedish troops destroyed the building, but it was later rebuilt. The ground floor features historical molds for baking the famous Toruń gingerbread.

Traces of Copernicus

Also on the market square is the monument to astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543), Toruń’s most famous citizen and the university’s namesake. His adjacent birthplace houses a collection of documents and astronomical instruments from his time. The ground and basement floors host a gingerbread museum.

The Copernicus monument on the market square in Toruń
The Copernicus monument in front of the town hall on the market square in Toruń

Churches and Towers

The monumental Church of St. Mary from the 14th century is known for its star vault. In St. John’s Cathedral, whose construction began in the 13th century and was later expanded, the “Tuba Dei” (God’s Trumpet), the second-largest bell in Poland, rings. Also worth seeing is the so-called “Leaning Tower,” a bastion-like tower that has tilted over the centuries on its clay foundation.

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Also interesting: Tips for an ideal city trip to Krakow

Vibrant Downtown

In the evening, the area around the Old Market in the city of 200,000 is particularly lively. Almost every house hosts pubs, discos, or jazz cellars. Among the most famous clubs is the cellar “Pod Aniolem” under the town hall. Concerts and art exhibitions occasionally take place in the Gothic vaults. No wonder, as 35,000 students study at the university.

For Art and Culture Lovers

One of the most famous events in Toruń is the International Theatre Festival “Kontakt,” featuring ensembles from many countries worldwide. Art lovers should also visit the Center for Contemporary Art, the first museum newly built in Poland after 1945.

An attraction in itself is the puppet theater next to the castle: The facade, designed as a giant cabinet, piques curiosity. Besides several museums, including the Copernicus Museum, the Ethnographic Museum is particularly worthwhile, with a large open-air area where houses from Kuyavia and Kashubia have been authentically reconstructed. The museum is famous for its Easter and Christmas markets and folklore festivals.

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Text contribution: Dieter Weirauch

This article is a machine translation of the original German version of TRAVELBOOK and has been reviewed for accuracy and quality by a native speaker. For feedback, please contact us at info@travelbook.de.

Topics Europe Poland
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